Amaqela amathathu asisiseko
Kukho amaqela amathathu asisiseko eenjini zeDiesel ngokusekelwe kumandla-encinci, phakathi kunye nenkulu. Iinjini ezincinci zinamanyathelo okukhupha amandla angaphantsi kwe-16 Kilowts. Le yeyona ivelise kakhulu i-injini yenjineli yedizili. Ezi injini zisetyenziswa kwiimoto, iilori zokukhanya, kunye nezicelo ezithile zezolimo kunye nolwakhiwo kunye nokumiswa kwamandla amancinci ombane (ezinjengezo zinto zisebenza khona. Ngokwesiqhelo banayo inaliti ngokuthe ngqo, kwi-intanethi, kwiinjini zenjini. Uninzi lugcwele i-emva komva.

Ienjini eziphakathi zinamandla amandla asusela ngo-188 ukuya kwi-750 kilowatts, okanye i-252 ukuya kwi-1,006 yokuhamba kwamahashe. Uninzi lwezi zenjini zisetyenziswa kwiilori ezinzima. Bahlala benenaliti ethe ngqo, kwi-intanethi, i-cylinda-cybovirur egcwele injini. Ezinye ii-Injini ze-V-8 kunye ne-V-12 zikwalilungu le-v.

Iinjini ezinkulu zedizili zinemilinganiselo yamandla ngaphezulu kwe-750 kilowts. Ezi injini ezizodwa zisetyenziselwa i-marine, i-Locomotive, kunye nezicelo zoomatshini kunye nezizukulwana ngamandla yombane. Kwiimeko ezininzi zinenaliti ethe ngqo, i-tunbocharted nasemva kweenkqubo ezinamanzi. Banokusebenza nge-2002 i-500 ivukeli ngomzuzu xa ukuthembeka kunye nokuqina kubalulekile.

Iinjini ezimbini kunye neenjini ezine stroke
Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, iinjini zedizili zenzelwe ukuba zisebenze kwakhona kumjikelo emibini okanye wesine. Kwi-injini yemijikelo emine yokubetha ngemidlalo emine yokubetha, ukutya kunye neevilbes zepetroli kunye ne-inaliti ye-inaliti eneentloko ze-cylinder (jonga umfanekiso). Rhoqo, amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo evali-utya-ezimbini kunye neevalves ezimbini zokuphelisa.
Ukusetyenziswa komjikelo wee-stroke ezimbini kunokuphelisa isidingo se-valve enye okanye omabini kuYilo lweNjini. Ukugxotha kwaye ukuthambisa umoya kuhlala kubonelelwa ngamachweba kwi-cylinder liner. Ukuphelelwa lixesha kunokuba ngakwiiValves ezifakwe kwintloko yesilinda okanye kwi-ports kwi-Silinder Liner. Ukwakhiwa kwe-injini kwenziwa lula xa usebenzisa uyilo lwezibuko endaweni yevali yokufuna ukuphelisa.

Ipetroli ye-diesels
Iimveliso zepetroleum zihlala zisetyenziswa njenge-pieli yeenjini zedizili zizinto ezithanjisiweyo ze-hydrocarbons ezinzima, ubuncinci i-16 ukuya kwi-16 i-carbon atom nganye yemolekyuli. Ezi zinto zinzima zithathwa kwi-crdede ye-crude emva kokuthengiswa kwee-volatile ezisetyenziswa kwi-petroli isusiwe. Amanqaku okubila kwezi ntlobo zinzima ukusuka kwi-177 ukuya kwi-343 ° C (351 ukuya kwi-649 ° F). Ngenxa yoko, ubushushu babo bokuphuma buphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo ye-petroli, eneeathom zekharbon ezimbalwa kwimolekyuli nganye.

Amanzi kunye ne-sediment kwi-fuels kunokuba yingozi ukusebenzisa i-injini; I-oyile ecocekileyo ibalulekile kwiinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokukwenza. I-fuels enentsalela ephezulu yekhabhoni inokusingathwa kakuhle ziinjini zokujikeleza okuphantsi. Oku kuyasebenza nakwabo bane-ash kunye nesalfure. Inombolo ye-CETANAY, echaza umgangatho wokugxeka ipetroli, imiselwe kusetyenziswa indlela yovavanyo lwe-ASTM D613 "yeNdlela yokuHlola yeCetene Inani leoyile yedizili."

Ukuphuhliswa kweenjini zedizili
Umsebenzi wokuqala
I-rudolf idizili, injineli yaseJamani, ifikelela umbono we-injini ngoku, emva kokuba efuna isixhobo esonyusa i-enjini ye-OTTO Nikolaus Otto). Idizili iqinisekisiwe ukuba inkqubo yombane ye-Petroli inokupheliswa ukuba isixhobo se-Piston-Cyland sinokufudumeza umoya onobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-oyile enikezwe ipetroli. Idizili yaceba umjikelo kumalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ka-1892 no-1893.
Ekuqaleni, nokuba i-pol ilahlekileyo okanye i-petroleum engamanzi yacetywayo njenge-oyile. Idizili yabona amalahle e-poal, imveliso ye-sar yamalahle eSaar, njenge-oyile efumanekayo efumanekayo. Umoya oxinzelelweyo wawuza kusetyenziselwa ukwazisa uthuli lwamalahle kwisilinda seinjini; Nangona kunjalo, ukulawula izinga lenaliti yamalahle kwakunzima, kwaye, emva kokuba injini yovavanyo ichithwe ngokuqhushumba, i-dizeli yajika i-ipetroleum engamanzi. Waqhubeka nokwazisa ipetroli kwi-injini ngomoya oxinzelelweyo.
I-injini yokuqala yentengiso eyakhiwe kwi-diedents patents ifakiwe eSt. eUnited States naseCanada. I-injini isebenze ngempumelelo iminyaka kwaye yayingumbali we-injini ye-Busch-Sulzer exhasa uninzi lwenqanawa ye-US Navy kwi-NELDECO, eyakhiwe yi-In Inkampani ye-London ye-IToon eGroton, iConn.

Injini yedizili yaba sisityalo samandla asiphambili kwimisona ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I I-Diesel Fuel, incinci i-Petroline, yayigcinwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye yasingathwa.
Ekupheleni kwemfazwe amadoda amaninzi ane-diesels awayeqhuba ejonge imisebenzi yoxolo. Abavelisi baqalisa ukutshintsha i-disels uqoqosho lwamanye amazwe. Utshintsho olunye kukuphuhliswa kweSemidiesel ebiyiselwa kumjikelo weStroke ongezantsi kwi-rabs ephantsi kwaye isetyenziswe i-bulb eshushu okanye ityhubhu yokukhupha intlawulo yamafutha. Olu tshintsho luye lukhokelele kwi-injini engabizi kakhulu ukwakha nokugcina.

Itekhnoloji ye-Inaliti
Inqaku elinye elingathethekiyo ledizili elipheleleyo yayiyimfuneko ye-compressor yoxinzelelo oluphezulu, inaliti yomoya. Ayisiyiyo kuphela amandla okuqhuba i-compressor yomoya, kodwa isiseko esibuhlungu esiyibancisayo xa i-intshi ye-intshi, ngokwesiqithi i-megapascals), eyayikwingxaki ye-3.4 ukuya kwi-4 megapascals (493 ukuya kwi-580 iipawundi nganye kwi-intshi). Idizili yayifuna umoya woxinzelelo oluphezulu onokuthi wazise i-Poal ePwded kwi-cylinder; Xa i-ipetroleum engamanzi ithathe indawo yamalahle epolisiweyo njenge-oyile, impompo inokwenziwa ukuba ithathe indawo ye-compressor yoondoqo-mali.

Kwakukho inani leendlela ezinokusetyenziswa ngayo impompo. ENgilani Inkampani yaseVickers isebenzise into ebizwa ngokuba yiNdlela yePump-oqhelekileyo, apho ibhetri yempompo igcinwe ipetroli phantsi koxinzelelo lokuqhuba ubude be-injini. Ukusuka kolu loliwe (okanye umbhobho) umgca wokuhambisa ipetroli, uthotho lweevalo zevalikisi avumile intlawulo ye-oyile kwi-cylinder nganye kwinqaku elifanelekileyo kumjikelo welungelo. Enye indlela yendlela esetyenzisiweyo ye-camk ye-camk, okanye uhlobo lwe-putung, impompo ukuhambisa ipetroli ephantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-valve ye-injeni ye-syve nganye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ukupheliswa kwe-Inaction Air Trancessor yayilinyathelo ngendlela elungileyo, kodwa bekukho enye ingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe: Ukuphelelwa yiinjini enesilinganiselo esigqithisileyo kwi-Injini kwaye nangona kunjalo Ngaba yayingumoya owaneleyo kwisilinda ukutshisa i-theword intlawulo ngaphandle kokushiya i-evist Ess Harylored ebingaqhelekanga. Injineli ekugqibeleni yaqonda ukuba ingxaki yayikukuba isitayile soxinzelelo oluphezulu sixhaphakile kwi-injini ye-injini ye-injini ixhaswe ngokufanelekileyo kune-upossor ye-ofisi engafanelekanga Khangela ii-atom zeoksijini ukugqiba inkqubo yokudibanisa, kwaye, kuba ioksijini yenza iipesenti ezingama-20 kuphela zomoya, i-atom nganye yayinamathuba elinye kwi-oxygen. Umphumo wawusitshisi esingafanelekanga sepetroli.

Uyilo oluqhelekileyo lwenaliti ye-ination yepetroli yazisa ipetroli kwi-cylinder ngendlela ye-cone yokutshiza, kunye ne-vapor raising ukusuka kwi-nozzle, kunokuba kumjelo okanye kwijethi. Kuncinci kakhulu kunokwenziwa ukugcwalisa ipetroli ngakumbi. Ukuphuculwa kokubhaliweyo kwakufuneka kufezekiswe ngokudlulisela isindululo esongezelelweyo, uninzi luqhelekileyo kwi-wirlls evelise okanye i-radial firses, ebizwa ngokuba yi-squish, okanye ukusuka kumda wepiston ukuya embindini. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zisetyenzisiwe ukwenza le furl kunye ne-squish. Iziphumo ezilungileyo zifunyanwe xa i-wiirl ye-wirl ihambelana nereyithi yamafutha. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo komoya ngaphakathi kwe-cylinder kufuna i-velocity ejikelezayo ebangela umoya ohlanganisiweyo ukuba uhambise ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka kwixesha lokuhamba, ngaphandle kokuncamathisa phakathi kwemijikelezo.